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MARS BIBLE — ORGANISATIONS

Space agencies, centres and companies

The organisations that learned how to reach Mars — and those building capabilities for the next steps.

A family of dossiers, not a ranking. Each page targets at least 10,000 words and separates history, demonstrated capability, committed programs, technical data and prospective concepts. Organisations are studied for what they actually contribute to Mars, directly or through transferable infrastructure.
NASA — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityNASA

United States federal space agency

NASA

From Mariner and Viking to rovers, global science infrastructure and Moon to Mars architectures.

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JPL / Caltech — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityJPL

Caltech research and engineering center managed for NASA

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

The interplanetary workshop: spacecraft, rovers, autonomy, navigation and the Deep Space Network.

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SpaceX — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identitySPACEX

American space company

SpaceX

From Falcon 1 to Starship: reuse, industrial cadence and the Mars ambition.

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Blue Origin — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityBLUE ORIGIN

American space company founded by Jeff Bezos

Blue Origin

New Shepard, BE-4, New Glenn and the gradual construction of space transportation infrastructure.

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ESA — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityESA

European intergovernmental space organisation

European Space Agency (ESA)

Mars Express, ExoMars, Trace Gas Orbiter and Rosalind Franklin: Europe builds its own Mars capabilities.

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Roscosmos — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityROSCOSMOS

Russian state space corporation and associated science ecosystem

Roscosmos and the Russian space heritage

From Soviet Mars missions to Phobos-Grunt and ExoMars: a historic power whose current public Mars roadmap is less transparent.

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Programme spatial chinois / CNSA — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityCNSA

Chinese space ecosystem: CNSA, CAS, CASC, CMSA and associated actors

China’s space program

Tianwen-1, Zhurong, Tianwen-3 and China’s institutional architecture: reconstructing a fragmented public picture without confusing official facts with foreign assessments.

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ISRO — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityISRO

Indian Space Research Organisation

ISRO

Mangalyaan: a first interplanetary mission designed as both a technology demonstration and Mars science mission.

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JAXA — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityJAXA

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

JAXA

MMX turns Phobos into a laboratory for understanding Mars and acquiring round-trip technologies from the Martian sphere.

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UAE Space Agency / MBRSC — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityUAE · MBRSC

United Arab Emirates space ecosystem

UAE Space Agency & MBRSC

Hope Probe, national strategy and Mars 2117: using Mars as an accelerator of scientific and industrial capability.

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CNES — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityCNES

French national space agency

CNES

ChemCam, SuperCam, MMX/IDEFIX: France often reaches Mars through high-value scientific instruments and subsystems.

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Agence spatiale canadienne / CSA — visual representation using the organisation’s visual identityCSA

Canadian federal space agency

Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

APXS and Martian geochemistry: a focused contribution can carry major scientific weight in an international mission.

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