President
Defines political direction, chairs the Council of Ministers, promulgates statutes and signs ordinances and decrees deliberated in Council.
Implementation guide
How to Turn State Reform into Laws and Decrees
A President may define the political direction, but cannot alone turn an idea into enforceable law. The process involves the Prime Minister, ministries, lawyers, the Council of State, the Council of Ministers and, where legislation is required, Parliament.
Statute, ordinance, decree or ministerial order?
A statute is voted by Parliament. A decree is a regulatory act, generally signed by the Prime Minister. An ordinance allows the Government, after parliamentary authorisation, to act temporarily in the statutory domain. A ministerial order handles more detailed operational matters.
Who does what?
Prime Minister
Directs Government action, ensures implementation of statutes, exercises regulatory power and carries government bills.
Ministries
Map the law, draft articles, assess costs and prepare transfers.
Council of State
Reviews legality, constitutional and EU compatibility, clarity and practical applicability.
Parliament
Debates, amends and votes statutes.
Official Journal
Publication makes the rule publicly accessible and legally effective under its terms.
Nine deliverables
Political brief
Objectives, options, risks and timetable.
Legal map
Statutes, codes, decrees, EU law and contracts.
Impact assessment
Economic, budgetary, social, environmental and employment effects.
Draft text
Reasons, operative articles and transition.
Consultations
Mandatory bodies and affected stakeholders.
Council of State
Legal and drafting review.
Adoption
Council of Ministers and Parliament where required.
Implementation
Decrees, orders, agreements and budget decisions.
Evaluation
Service, cost, net savings and corrections.
Downloads
Frequently asked questions
Can the President directly file a government bill?
No. Government bills are carried by the Government under the Prime Minister.
Can everything be done by decree?
No. The statutory and regulatory domains must be respected.
Why an impact assessment?
To anticipate consequences, costs, alternatives and implementation texts.