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FRANCE OBSERVATORY · DATA AND METHOD

Debt, deficit and public expenditure

A JavaScript-independent dashboard designed to prevent perimeter errors. Every indicator carries its definition, unit, period, publication date and primary source.

View the indicatorsReturn to the France reform portal
French public finance dashboard

— Financing engine for the 30% target

The site now separates the political objective of sharply reducing levies from the decisive question: how far can taxes fall without recreating the deficit?

Open simulatorCompatible state sizeAnti-debt lock
CORE ARCHITECTURE

Before permanent tax cuts: make ordinary structural deficits legally inadmissible

The Plan de Rupture first rests on a constitutional balance rule, independent pre-vote review, automatic correction and personal accountability for deliberate breaches by top decision-makers. Asset-based penalties would only follow due process and a final judgment.

Open the rebuilding framework →Criminal accountability

Why this observatory exists

Budget debates become misleading when correct numbers are placed in the wrong perimeter. The general government deficit covers all general government subsectors. The central State budget balance excludes local government and social security. Maastricht debt is consolidated and is not identical to negotiable State debt managed by Agence France Trésor.

Reading rule. No figure is detached from its unit and period. Forecasts voted in the annual budget are separated from accounting outcomes published after the year.

Indicators available on 5 August 2026

IndicatorValuePeriodPrimary source
Maastricht gross public debtpublic-debt-gross3536.1 EUR billion117.5% of GDP2026-T1Insee — Informations rapides n°158Published: 2026-06-25
Net public debtpublic-debt-net3301.1 EUR billion109.7% of GDP2026-T1Insee — Informations rapides n°158Published: 2026-06-25
General government deficitpublic-deficit152.5 EUR billion5.1% of GDP2025Insee Première n°2106Published: 2026-05-29
General government expenditurepublic-expenditure57.3 % of GDP2025Insee — Tableau de bord de l’économie françaisePublished: 2026-05-29
Compulsory leviescompulsory-levies43.6 % of GDP2025Insee — comptes des administrations publiquesPublished: 2026-03-27
Budgeted cost of French State debtstate-debt-charge-budget59.3 EUR billionLFI 2026Agence France Trésor — Budget de l’ÉtatPublished: 2026-02-20
French State budget balancestate-budget-balance-134.627 EUR billionLFI 2026Direction du Budget — chiffres clés 2026Published: 2026-02-27
Negotiable French State debtnegotiable-state-debt2857.530878943 EUR billion2026-06-30Agence France Trésor — principaux chiffresPublished: 2026-07-02
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Four debt concepts that should not be confused

Maastricht gross public debt

It covers central government, other central government bodies, local government and social security. It is consolidated, so liabilities held within general government are neutralised.

Net public debt

It subtracts selected financial assets from gross debt. It is not a valuation of all public assets.

Negotiable French State debt

This is the stock of securities managed by Agence France Trésor. It is not the whole of French public debt.

Budgeted cost of State debt

This is an annual interest and indexation expense. It must not be confused with the principal of maturing securities, which is normally refinanced through new issuance.

Methodology

  1. Prefer the primary institutional source.
  2. Store the publication date with the value.
  3. Document revisions rather than silently replacing a figure.
  4. Never store the author’s proposals as official statistics.
  5. Publish formulas and assumptions for derived calculations.