PUBLIC FINANCE · 30% TARGET ·

30% target: static case, dynamic case and an anti-promise rule

Separate robust orders of magnitude from potential growth effects that are not yet demonstrated.

30% target: static case, dynamic case and an anti-promise rule
30% target: static case, dynamic case and an anti-promise rule

Static analysis sets the constraint; dynamics can change the path

The static case holds GDP and selected revenue shares constant. It deliberately shows the scale of transformation required before any feedback effect is booked.

Factors that may improve the path

Employment, investment, broader tax bases, lower debt interest, productivity and GDP growth.

Factors that may worsen it

Transition costs, lower-than-expected revenue, behavioural responses, additional core-state needs or overstated savings.

Anti-promise rule

No dynamic effect is treated as guaranteed financing before observation or independent validation.

Official sources and references

  1. INSEE — 2025 GDP: €2,991.1bn
  2. INSEE — compulsory levies: 43.6% of GDP in 2025
  3. INSEE — public expenditure 57.3% and revenue 52.2% of GDP in 2025
  4. INSEE — 2025 public deficit: €152.5bn, 5.1% of GDP